How to Install GitLab on Debian 11

GitLab is a self-hosted git repository management system. It is a Git repository manager providing wiki, issue-tracking, and continuous integration and deployment. Because of the advantage that brings development, operations, and security teams into a single application, GitLab is now widely used across the globe. Installing GitLab on Debian 11 is a fairly easy task and it should take around 15 minutes for the installation. Today we will show you how to install GitLab on your Debian 11 VPS.

Prerequisites

• A Debian 11 VPS.
• At least 4GB of RAM.
• SSH access with sudo privileges, or root access.

In addition, it is recommended to have at least 2GB of SWAP memory, even if you have enough available RAM.

Step 1. Update System

First of all, we need to log in to our Debian 11 VPS through SSH:

ssh master@IP_Address -p Port_Number

Replace “master” with a user that has sudo privileges or root if necessary. Additionally, replace “IP_Address” and “Port_Number” with your server’s respective IP address and SSH port number. Next, let’s make sure that we’re on Debian 11. You can do that like this:

$ lsb_release -a

You should get this as the output:

Distributor ID: Debian
Description: Debian GNU/Linux 11 (bulleseye)
Release: 11
Codename: bullseye

Then, run the following command to make sure that all installed packages on the server are updated to their latest available versions:

$ sudo apt update && apt upgrade

Step 2. Add Repository

There are two ways to install GitLab on Debian 11; we can install it using the repository or the deb package. In this tutorial, we are going to use the repository to install GitLab on Debian 11.

At this step, we will use the repository for Debian 10, because the repository for Debian 11 is not available at this time of writing.

curl -sS https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ce/script.deb.sh | sudo bash

The command above will download the GitLab repository to the APT source list file at /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gitlab_gitlab-ce.list
Since the GitLab package source file is for Debian 10, we need to modify these lines.

deb https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/debian/ bullseye main
deb-src https://packages.gitlab.com/gitlab/gitlab-ce/debian/ bullseye main

Replace ‘bullseye’ with ‘buster’ by running this command.

$ sudo sed -i 's/bullseye/buster/g' /etc/apt/sources.list.d/gitlab_gitlab-ce.list

Now, we need to update the repository.

$ sudo apt update -y

Step 3. Install GitLab

After adding the repository, we can install GitLab Community Edition by running this command:

$ sudo apt install gitlab-ce -y

Once the installation is finished, we can run this command to reconfigure it and run GitLab

$ sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

At this point, you should be able to access GitLab at http://YOUR_SERVER_IP_ADDRESS/ and log in as root using the password in /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password

Please note that the password in /etc/gitlab/initial_root_password is valid only for 24 hours. You can log in and change your password immediately or reset it using this command below

$ sudo gitlab-rake "gitlab:password:reset[root]"

Step 4. Configure GitLab

GitLab has been successfully installed, and it is time to configure it.

Secure GitLab Server with Let’s Encrypt SSL Certificate

By default, when installing GitLab without passing an environment for the EXTERNAL_URL value. The installation will set http://gitlab.example.com as the external URL. If we want to access our GitLab installation through a domain or subdomain name and install an SSL certificate for it, we can edit the configuration file /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb

Open /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb and find external_url line

external_url 'http://gitlab.example.com'

Replace it with

external_url 'https://gitlab.yourdomain.com'

Make sure that your domain or subdomain DNS record is pointing to your GitLab server.

Then, still in the same file, make sure these are uncommented and modified as follows.

letsencrypt['enable'] = true
letsencrypt['contact_emails'] = ['[email protected]'] 
letsencrypt['auto_renew'] = true

Save the file then exit.

Now, we need to reconfigure Omnibus GitLab, and we need to do this every time we edit /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb file.

$ sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

Run the command above and wait, once completed you the SSL certificate from Let’s Encrypt should be installed and you should be able to access your GitLab at https://YOUR_DOMAIN_NAME.COM

Email Configuration

By default, GitLab should be able to send its email using sendmail. However, for better email deliverability, you should consider using an SMTP server for this purpose. With the SMTP credentials, we can configure GitLab to use SMTP to send its email.

Open /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb

$ sudo nano /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb

Then, find the following

# gitlab_rails['smtp_enable'] = true
# gitlab_rails['smtp_address'] = "smtp.server"
# gitlab_rails['smtp_port'] = 465
# gitlab_rails['smtp_user_name'] = "smtp user"
# gitlab_rails['smtp_password'] = "smtp password"
# gitlab_rails['smtp_domain'] = "example.com"
# gitlab_rails['smtp_authentication'] = "login"
# gitlab_rails['smtp_enable_starttls_auto'] = true
# gitlab_rails['smtp_tls'] = true
# gitlab_rails['smtp_pool'] = false
# gitlab_rails['smtp_openssl_verify_mode'] = 'none'
# gitlab_rails['smtp_ca_path'] = "/etc/ssl/certs"
# gitlab_rails['smtp_ca_file'] = "/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt"

You need to uncomment the lines and use your SMTP credentials to make it work. Also, make sure that your SMTP password does not contain any string delimiters used in a YAML file, otherwise, it will not work. Save your changes then exit the file.

As mentioned earlier, we need to reconfigure Omnibus GitLab after editing the gitlab.rb file.

$ sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

And that’s it. From now on, GitLab will send emails through SMTP which will result in better email deliverability if compared to using sendmail. You can log in to your GitLab website at https://yourdomain.com and start using it.

Congratulations! You have successfully installed GitLab on Debian 11.

Of course, if you are one of our Debian Hosting customers, you don’t have to install GitLab on Debian 11 yourself – simply ask our admins, sit back, and relax. Our admins will install GitLab on Debian 11 for you immediately without any additional fee, along with many useful optimizations that we can do for you. Managing a GitLab website is not just about the installation, we can help you with optimizing your GitLab installation if you have a VPS with us.

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